| Annotated Bibliography |

Jenkins, H. (2006) Welcome to Convergence Culture [Internet]. Available from http://bit.ly/23VBDae [Accessed 25th April 2016]

When I was doing research on Henry Jenkins I came across his blog (henryjenkins.org), although made ten years ago Jenkins’ still regularly updates the blog.
I used the search bar on the blog and typed in convergence culture, from there I found the first post published in 2006. Jenkins explains why he created the blog- ahead of the release of his 2008 book on convergence cultures.

In the post he talks about contemporary, participatory and convergence cultures, it was very interesting reading his views on these three subjects.
Something else I really liked was his description of convergence cultures as ‘the flow of content across multiple media platforms’ because it was very concise and also made the idea easier to understand.
I used this quote quite a few times throughout my portfolio as I felt it supported my research of the Kardashian-Jenner family as they appear on various media platforms.


Jenkins, Henry (2006) Convergence Culture: When Old and New Media Collide. New York: New York University Press.

Henry Jenkins has been the forefront of the convergence cultures module and I knew that his book ‘Convergence Culture: When Old and New Media Collide’ published in 2006 book was one of the main texts I knew I wanted to use straight away, although the Kardashian-Jenner phenomena tends to be seen as very contemporary (despite the reality show Keeping Up With The Kardashians first airing in 2007) I knew that I would still be able to incorporate Jenkins’ views and ideas into my portfolio.

I liked how the quote ‘where old and new media collide’ perfectly supported my research especially as the Kardashian-Jenner family are seen on both television (old media) and on social media and their own apps (new media), showing how the family has been able to spread the media empire across various media platforms thus creating Jenkins’ idea of a collision between both old and new media.

Jerslev, A (2002) Realise and ‘reality’ in Film and Media. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press

I chose this third source as I felt Anne Jerslev perfectly summed up everything I wanted to include into my research file.  Reality television is a very interesting subject with the issue of what is real and what is not real e.g. scripted reality television shows.
Much of the Kardashian-Jenner fame started on their reality show ‘Keeping Up With The Kardashians’. One quote in Jerslev’s book that stuck out to me the most was the one about how reality television makes ordinary members of the public famous - ‘when ordinary people suddenly become public stars and “role models” after appearing in reality shows’, although Jerslev’s focus is very much on reality televisions shows such as ‘Big Brother’ I still felt that I could relate to the Kardashian-Jenner family as many of the family got their ‘big break’ on the show or grew up on the show (Kendall and Kylie Jenner)


Kavka, Misha (2011) ‘Industry Convergence Shows: Reality TV and The Leisure Franchise’ In: Kackman, Michael., Binfield, Marnie, Payne Matthew Thomas, Pearlman, Allison and Sebok Bryan (2011) (eds) Flow TV – Television in The Age of Media Convergence. London and New York: Routledge.

I first heard about Misha Kavka in the first week of the Convergence Cultures module, in Industry Convergence Shows: Reality TV and The Leisure Franchise’ Kavka discusses how the way reality television shows work and the ways its stars are presented leads to the promotion of consumerism.
I felt this was the perfect ideology for the Kardashian-Jenner family as their reality television show has helped fund their multi-million dollar media empire.

Due to the Kardashian-Jenner apps, books and beauty ventures you can clearly see how the link between reality television shows and consumerism works.

Misha Kavka’s ideology helped me a lot through my portfolio as I was able to join many of the links within the ever-growing Kardashian-Jenner media empire and why they are all so successful and a major part of the contemporary pop culture and made it easier for me to see this in action alongside my portfolio.


Willis, J. (2015) Kylie Jenner’s lip kit sells out in seconds, now on eBay for 10 times the price. Available from http://et.tv/1UsCJEn [Accessed: 25th April 2016]

I came across this source when I was trying to find an exact date for the first release of Kylie Jenner’s lip kits.  Reading Jackie Willis’ article for Entertainment Tonight really put into perspective how successful not just the lip kits are but also how successful the Kardashian-Jenner family is in general. It is not that unusual that products increase in price on sites such as eBay, however, I found it very interesting that Jenner’s lip kits were sold with such a large increase in price especially as Jenner is not only a reality star but also just eighteen years old.
The article included the prices the lip kit have been selling at on eBay, which allowed me to further support my points within my portfolio when discussing the lip kits.


I found this source useful as I could link it to Misha Kavka’s ideology of reality television promoting consumerism.

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